Regarding prospective studies some studies reported a lower incidence of CKD 21, 24 or end-stage renal disease 19 with greater coffee consumption, while others failed to demonstrate this association 22. Two recent meta-analyses, summarizing 7 cross-sectional studies on apparently healthy middle-aged adults, most from Asian countries, have concluded that coffee consumption is not associated with eGFR or CKD risk 6, 7. The results of epidemiological studies on coffee and tea consumption and kidney function have been inconsistent 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. Nonetheless, there are potential side effects from caffeine contained in these beverages, even at moderate amounts, which may influence CKD-related cardiovascular outcomes and are of concern for the general population and especially for susceptible or at-risk individuals 13. There is evidence pointing to a protective effect of coffee and tea against type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, conditions in which chronic inflammation plays a critical pathogenic role 10, 11, 12. Coffee and tea are rich in bioactive substances, such as phenolic compounds and minerals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can improve blood pressure, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance or hyperglycemia 8, 9, well-established risk factors for renal insufficiency. Many dietary components play a role in preserving renal function and preventing/delaying CKD progression 4, 5, such as coffee and tea 6, 7, two caffeine-containing beverages that are widely consumed worldwide. Therefore, preserving renal function is essential to ensure the well-being and reduce adverse health outcomes in elders. This heterogeneous condition is characterized by a decline of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or proteinuria 2, which is accelerated when obesity or related cardiovascular risk factors are present 3. In conclusion, higher consumption of caffeinated coffee, tea, and caffeine was associated with a greater 1-year eGFR decline in overweight/obese adults with MetS.Ĭhronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a major public health challenge due to its detrimental impact on quality of life, increased morbidity and premature death, specifically in old people 1. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with eGFR changes. Similarly, individuals in the highest (median, 51.2 mg/day) tertile of caffeine intake had a 0.87 mL/min/1.73 m 2 greater eGFR decrease. Furthermore, caffeinated coffee consumption of > 2 cups/day was associated with 1.19-fold increased risk of rapid eGFR decline > 3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (95% CI 1.01–1.41). Caffeinated coffee (> 2 cups/day) and tea (at least 1 cup/day) drinkers had 0.88 and 0.93 mL/min/1.73 m 2 greater eGFR decrease respectively, compared to those with less than 1 cup/day of coffee consumption or non-tea drinkers. ![]() Multivariate-adjusted regression models were applied to test associations between baseline coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and 1-year eGFR changes. We assessed coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption from a validated food-frequency questionnaire and creatinine-based eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. This prospective analysis includes 5851 overweight/obese adults (55–75 years) with MetS from the PREDIMED-Plus study. ![]() ![]() We investigated the associations between coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and 1-year changes in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a large Spanish cohort of overweight/obese elderly with metabolic syndrome (MetS). It remains unclear whether caffeinated beverages could have deleterious renal effects in elderly population with underlying comorbid conditions. ![]() Scientific Reports volume 11, Article number: 8719 ( 2021) Consumption of caffeinated beverages and kidney function decline in an elderly Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome
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